There Goes the Neighborhood: Justice Amid Gentrification

This post is the fifth & final post in a series examining how city development impacts the poor. If you haven't read the first, second , third & forth posts, start there as it will help make sense of what follows.

The groundbreaking that took place last Wednesday morning on the corner of 13th and East Juneau in Sulphur Springs was the event that sparked this series. My hope has been to help us pull back from the particulars and gain some perspective by looking at the general trends within which this instance is embedded. It is this larger picture that allows us to hear the words spoken there clearly in the light of history, our trajectory, and our habit of displacing the poor. I personally can’t help but question the end towards which we are striving as I hear our mayor say “It's the beginning of the renaissance of Sulphur Springs. We're committed all the way to the end.”

Here is the thing: Like it or not, the process of gentrification is happening. As Bob Lupton put it:

Resisting gentrification is like trying to hold back the rising ocean tide. It is surely coming, relentlessly, with power and growing momentum. Young professionals as well as empty nesters are flooding into our cities, buying up lofts and condos and dilapidated historic residences, opening avant-garde artist studios and gourmet eateries. If market forces alone are allowed to rule the day, the poor will be gradually, silently displaced, for the market has no conscience.

We can rail against it all we want, but the truth is that there is no stopping this reality. Before there is a complete demographic inversion, we will see — and are seeing — an ethnic and economic diversity in our communities like there has never been before in our city. Our work during this period is justice and reconciliation, and our demand will have to be gentrification with justice. We must have the conscience that the market will never have. We do not want to see the potential role reversal that will leave the poor on the (quite literal) margins of our city without access to basic services or necessary transportation to sustain themselves. The urban sprawl in Tampa will mean destitution for those without the means to get around, and this is only one reason why building solid public transit in our cities must be a priority. Gentrification with justice — as our cities and suburbs are diversifying we must help to fight for everyone to have a seat at the table and a voice in the development of their communities. As I heard Mayor Buckhorn say at the West Tampa Invision meeting on Wednesday "If you don't have a seat at the table, you are lunch." He did promise that North Boulevard residents would have a seat at the decision making table for the development in their community. It is encouraging to hear and justice would demand follow-through. So we hope, remember, keep paying attention, and demand accountability. 

There has never been a better time to seek reconciliation, justice, and a diversity equilibrium in our city, neighborhoods, churches and even our households. Our affordable public housing is (and should be) moving toward mixed income models, but we need to see far more of them in our city to begin approaching the real need. There is a great amount of work to do, and it is up to all of us if the tides are going to turn. New $100,000 homes being built in Sulphur Springs do not have to spell the beginning of the end for most of the current residents, but it will unless we all realize they too must have a seat at the decision-making table. Remember the poor; they are our neighbors, they are struggling, and they are human beings that are affected by such development and they matter.

We hope this series has been thought provoking and invite you to continue to pay attention and take part in what is happening around your own community. Go to neighborhood meetings, talk to your neighbors,  keep up with things like Invision Tampa, engage civic leaders, and for God's sake, remember the poor. 

There Goes the Neighborhood: (How) Marginalization Happens

This post is the forth in a series examining how city development impacts the poor. If you haven't read the first, second & third posts, start there as it will help make sense of what follows.

Image selected by David Smith & he wants you to know it!

Inner City has been a term used for some time that carries with it implications concerning poor, usually black and brown communities. As inner city neighborhoods are invested in, police are often utilized to clean up the area, and code enforcement comes along to lean on the homes of the poor that are poorly kept. I have known many neighbors who have been too old or disabled to do the work required by code enforcement, and equally too poor to pay someone, only to have liens put on their homes as the city fines them. Another issue is one of property tax: If you are poor and live in a house that your family has owned for generations, these taxes become the main financial burden of the house. As new neighbors invest in their own home and increase the value of the area, your property taxes rise as well. When left unpaid, investors will swoop in and pay your taxes so as to place a lien on your property and gain leverage for the impending exodus from your family home. God forbid you are just a renter in one of these neighborhoods where a landlord (who has always been trying to make some money on the property) realizes that they can do much better than you in terms of tenants and rent. Out you go as hip young suburbanites move into your old place.

As this slow tide of displacement transitions entire neighborhoods through complete demographic inversion, the older suburbs have become poorer, blacker, browner, and completely abandoned by the white folks with the money to move on. Temple Terrace has seen an 18% drop in median income, and the Greater Carrolwood area has decreased by 17%. While money continues to leave these areas and find itself in the urban center, it seems many of these suburbs have seen tremendous growth in Asian and Latino populations. If you have not noticed this as a Tampa resident, just take a drive down Waters Avenue from Florida Avenue to the Veterans Expressway, and pay attention to the shops and restaurants. Ask yourself who might run them. Stop and have yourself some Pho or Puerco Asado along the way. You’ll be glad you did.

Inner city, as the term has been used, is gradually becoming outdated.

So, The question remains: Where are the poor to go? For now it seems that the answer is Suitcase City, which has seen a 53% decrease in median income over the last few decades (as well as the surrounding neighborhoods). The poor, who have always been marginalized in our society, are now being pushed to the literal margins of the city itself. This is the trajectory of our city. It is also a damned shame.

It seems clear to me that our nation, our state, our city, our neighborhoods, and each of our streets can — and should — be judged by how we treat the poor among us. It is often by indirect effects (or indifference and neglect) that the poor are pushed around and into the margins. I am not bold enough to claim some grand design or conspiracy behind the poor emanating to the shorelines of despair in our city, but I do feel very comfortable pointing out the fact that we have not considered them. We have not included them in planning, and we have repressed every voice that arises on their behalf. They are bad for business.

Continue to part five: Justice Amid Gentrification

There Goes the Neighborhood: Demographic Inversion

This post is the third in a series examining how city development impacts the poor. If you haven't read the first & second posts, start there as it will help make sense of what follows.

Graphic artist Archie Archambault of Portland, Oregon has made a series of neighborhood-oriented maps for his hometown as well as Boston, San Francisco, and many other cities. It's a great way to get a feel for a city based on how people congregate into communities. He has not yet made a map of Tampa, so I mimicked his style to make the map shown here. It integrates a few of the areas conceptualized by Invision Tampa as well as other neighborhoods throughout the area. Numbers from the US census Bureau (adjusted to current dollar values) shows the median income changes in each area over a 22 year period from 1990 to 2012 demonstrating our past trajectory which helps in anticipating where we are going as a city. What I found is fascinating and may help inform current news such as The Nehemiah Project in Sulphur Springs.

Historic Ybor for example has seen a 130% increase in median income over that period of time as it rose from $13,000 in 1990 (adjusted to current dollar amount by census) to $30,000 in 2012. Downtown residents have seen a 143% increase in median income, VM Ybor increased 20%, while Ybor Heights — just to the north — only inched 5% upward over the 22 year period. Seminole Heights increased by 33%, and College Hill shot up by 109%. In fact, every community on this map that is inside (or rather, east and south of) the Hillsborough River saw a rise in their median income. Either those who lived in these communities have done extremely well for themselves, or the demographics of those communities have been in flux over a period of time. College Hill is an obvious example of a demographic transition taking place, as the public housing projects were demolished and replaced by a mixed income model which is now known as Belmont Heights. While many struggling families receive assistance to live in that community, many who lived there before have been displaced to areas like Sulphur Springs and Suitcase City.

Now the numbers for the communities on the other side of the river are quite different. Those old, early Tampa suburbs like Sulphur Springs, Egypt Lake, and Lowry Park Central have seen substantial decline in median incomes within their areas over the same period of time. While Egypt Lake dropped 22%, Lowry Park decreased by 28%, and Sulphur Springs saw a 31% drop — and as of 2012 had a median income of $20,000. These trends have continued, and today Sulphur Springs is a notoriously distressed neighborhood with all of the struggles and crime that have always accompanied poor neighborhoods. This is what the effects of gentrification are; just like the city spread in ripples like the pond's surface, so too the poor are now being displaced in the same way.

Beach & Pool at Sulphur Springs historic postcard.

All of those neighborhoods along the North & West side of the river are examples of some of Tampa's earliest and nicest suburbs when they were developed. They are all now the 'old burbs' as I labeled much of Egypt Lake and surrounding communities on the map. The houses are old and well worn, the neighborhoods are predominantly brown and black, and the housing and rent costs are relatively low. Sulphur Springs, the neighborhood which inspired this series, was a prize of Tampa and used to be the northern most destination of the old streetcar line. One will still find there the icons of its heyday such as the beautiful Springs Theatre, the old swimming pool (which used to be fed directly from the river), and the famous water tower that stands as a kind of flag to passers-by on the interstate. Old postcards found here reveal a Sulphur Springs that was "the most wonderful place you ever was at." As the website states:

 "What the postcards do not show is that Sulphur Springs, like all of Florida, was as a strictly segregated community, with most African-Americans living in the area known as Spring Hill. While white residents swam in the pool, African-Americans had to use other spots on the river for recreation, swimming, fishing, and baptisms. Many African-Americans traveled by bus to work as maids or golf caddies in Temple Terrace, a river community where the idyllic river postcards reflect a largely white reality."

Tampa is not as strictly segregated as it once was though it does retain a strong legacy as a community loosely segregated along some ethnic, though mostly economic lines. Sulphur Springs is today a  poor community with a population that is just over 6,000 people, and 47% of that population is below the poverty line, 36% are experiencing food insecurity and 19% of the current residents are unemployed according to Feeding America studies mapped by The Tampa Bay Network To End Hunger. Ethnically, the community is 16% white and about 82% Black and Hispanic according to city-data.com. The student demographics for Sulphur Springs Elementary School even further reveal the Demographic make up of the community. It is not going too far out on a branch to hypothesize that those white children represented on this chart are also from families experiencing poverty. This is the economic segregation that is typical throughout Tampa today and it is the postcards above that we all remember when we hear Buckhorn say that we are going to "return Sulphur Springs to what we know it could be."

Under 5% White students at Springs Elementary

Given the history of such moves throughout the country and Tampa's own legacy of displacing poor minorities (i.e. Malfunction Junction on top of Central Ave, I-4 through Ybor Neighborhood, & Encore condos being erected where central housing projects once stood just to name a few), one can fairly easily anticipate the Demographic Inversion about to take place in the Springs over the next few years. Tampa City Council recently named the Hillsborough River the new center of the city of Tampa. Good thing all the properties on the other side of the river are affordable now. If you are interested in keeping up with the general discussion the city is having there will be an Invision Tampa meeting tonight at 6pm about the West river area and North Boulevard Apartments.


Keep paying attention.


If all the numbers, maps, and demographics seemed to loose you, this video might help. enjoy.

Continue to part four: (How) Marginalization Happens

There Goes the Neighborhood: Ripples

This post is the second in a series examining how city development impacts the poor. If you haven't read the first post, start there as it will make sense of what follows.

Picture a stone being thrown into a pond. There is a series of ripples that move out from the center where it initially fell. This is similar to how cities spread out over time; it is the process of suburbanization. When a city begins there is an initial 'splash' in the center, and in just about every major city in this nation you will find a large 'stone' of an old building that acts as a monument of its origins. You might find a large church, a 'First Something', perhaps a 'First Methodist' or 'First Presbyterian' church of, well...wherever. A city begins, buildings are built, industries are planted, roads are laid, and culture develops. As a city grows in population, homes are built around that center, and in Tampa many of these earliest homes are in the neighborhood now known as Historic Ybor. As the city grew larger and larger, new houses spread out into V. M. Ybor and Tampa Heights like ripples in a pond.

As a city grows in this way it is the newest, hippest, and most impressive homes which tend to be on the outside of the circle. People and sometimes businesses who do well will relocate to these new and often well-off fringes of the developing city, leaving behind old homes and buildings now in need of repair as they move into new environments amongst the city's ripples. Then the poor, marginalized, and desperate all begin to move into those abandon places that have become increasingly available and affordable as the money vacates the area. This has been the trend for decades as churches often lead the way by building their giant mega/hip/contemporary churches on the furthermost fringes where the suburbs are soon to be.

Now, however, those forgotten neighborhoods where many poor families lived among crime and decay have been purchased again. People with money to invest begin looking at those historic bungalows in the city as investment opportunities or simply cool places to live that are closer to downtown or other areas with nightlife. Ybor, Hyde Park, Seminole Heights, and other neighborhoods are clear examples of this trend of urban revitalization or gentrification in our city.

As upper middle class people move into these diverse and historic neighborhoods there is often a clash that happens. These new neighbors bring their middle class values and their prejudices right along with them. It isn't long before cops are being called on neighbors for playing their music too loud or too late and code enforcement is called on the poor single mom whose yard looks like crap. These new, usually white people start riding their bikes, walking their dogs, jogging in their little shorts, and soon the longstanding community members realize they never actually did own the blocks and hoods they claim as theirs. Soon strip clubs, pawn shops and liquor stores begin to give way to expensive cafes, hipster pubs and yoga classes. The upside is that street lights get fixed, crime decreases, schools begin to improve and trash collection tightens up. Unfortunately the poor won't have long to enjoy these benefits because before they know it, they have to move on because they just cannot afford to stay. 

This trend has been happening since the 80's around this country's larger and older cities and now, given all the admittedly appealing benefits, Tampa is following in the same footsteps. One just has to reckon with the fact that it will and does come about by a slow driving out of the poor. If our society is not concerned about the general welfare of its most economically vulnerable neighbors then they inevitably will be swept aside as mere collateral damage. This is how it has worked elsewhere and this is the model Tampa is using. If there really was a way to clean up crime and develop new business investments in a community that benefited and protected those poor minority residents who have been there, it would be a beautiful thing. But that is just not what happens. Gangs, local minority-owned shops, as well as those businesses that prey on the poor will move out to wherever they are free to operate, and then that will be the new place where the poor are able to afford to live. On and on it goes as they inch closer and closer to the forgotten shore of the margins.

What we have to ask ourselves is: Are we OK with this?

Continue to part three: Demographic Inversion

There Goes the Neighborhood: The Nehemiah Project

In the middle of the day on Tuesday last week, a press release announced a groundbreaking ceremony for the first of a series of twelve homes to be constructed over the next 120 days in Sulfur Springs. This ceremonial start to what Bob Buckhorn has named the Nehemiah Project would take place the following day at 10:00 in the morning. Though notice to the public was short, the event was well populated by a handful of concerned citizens who happened to get the word, several local news channels, a demolition company, a general contractor, subcontractors, code enforcement, Mayor Bob Buckhorn himself, other influential members of society such as Bob McDonough, Frank Reddick, and the Robinsons, seven golden shovels, and (finally) a buzzing work crew still clearing the last bits of debris just before the actual event.

The Nehemiah Project was originally announced about a year ago as an effort to demolish 51 of the most dilapidated abandoned houses throughout the Sulphur Springs neighborhood. They have now torn down several dozen, and are beginning the construction phase of this vision that Buckhorn said Wednesday was the “renaissance of Sulphur Springs." Frank Reddick spoke just before the Mayor and said very plainly “we want to be sure to get the drug addicts and the prostitutes out of this community.” Since the beginning of this project, Sulphur Springs has seen 400 new street lights as well as a noticeable increase in police (and code enforcement) presence, facts used as points of pride alongside the 150 tons of debris removed from the community as Buckhorn spoke of their intentions to “rebuild this neighborhood” and “return Sulphur Springs to what we know it could be” — which means the “gang bangers” have to go.

The city is using code and law enforcement to move criminals out. The criminals, by the way, are poor people in every case. Most of their crimes are crimes of poverty, such as theft, selling drugs, and selling their bodies. These crimes are ugly and dangerous, and some of the people they are talking about do indeed present threat. It is true that they are not conducive to a safe place to live, and it is understandable that some might not want to raise their children on the same block as a crack house, or walk their dog down the streets of the prostitutes and the needy. This is what happens in poor neighborhoods over and over, regardless of where they are. The poor get pushed from place to place, always towards the margins. Especially when there are non-poor families, ready to move in.

This particular groundbreaking (in this particular neighborhood) needs to be understood through a much broader scope of trends in our city. Perhaps if one were to pull back far enough the event might be seen as part of a larger pattern, or fall into a clear relief among the broader scene.

Over the week we will be posting pieces of that bigger picture with the intent of illuminating how this specific event is but an example of a much larger trend that is quite potentially problematic for the poor. We will look at how cities develop, the process of suburbanization, urban renewal (or gentrification), national and local economic trends which might help see our trajectory and better forecast where we are headed as a city.

This post is the first in a series examining how city development impacts the poor. Here is the second 

It's Cold Outside

We've had a few cold nights lately here in Tampa. For some of us, it's been nice, almost fun. We get to wear an extra layer of clothing that doesn't get much use throughout the year, or we make some hot cocoa and curl up with a loved one. When you live in Florida, cold weather is a novelty. But when you live on the streets, even in Florida, the cold can be a threat. Exposure, hypothermia, and increased vulnerability to sickness are just part of the experience of a cold night for our already vulnerable neighbors. 

When the temperature drops below 40°, emergency shelters open for one nights to accommodate extra guests who would otherwise be at serious risk to the cold. Considering how few there are in the whole county, it can often be helpful to have a friend who is willing to drive someone to a shelter. Calling the shelter ahead of time to find out how it works is also a good idea. But if that seems like a little too much running around, you can always host someone in your own home for the night.  

Seriously, a lot of us at the Well have done this in our own homes. In fact, a few of us are hosting people in our homes right now and it's worked out tragically comically pretty well, all things considered. But you have to be pretty cautious when hosting someone who has been on the streets. In today's world, you just can't be too careful. It's easy to take someone in with good intentions, only to find out how things really work. 

The ways things really work is often that we can be mean and judgmental instead of hospitable. Our capacity for kindness is stretched, or we're not very patient, or maybe we even say that we love them, but we just don't want to find out if that's true. We may offer to take someone in, but not spend time with them. Or we may be so afraid of them that we make them feel unwelcome. We may even argue with them about their life, as if we had already earned a place in their life to talk about such personal matters. These are things to be on the lookout for when hosting a homeless person. 

As you can see, it really can be tricky to host a homeless person in your own home. If you think that you might not be up to the task, feel free to give them a lift to one of the shelters listed below. 

Brandon

Brandon Community Center (homeless individuals & families with children)

510 E Sadie St.

813.635.8179

Tampa
Metropolitan Ministries (families)

2010 N Florida Ave

813.209.1077

Salvation Army (adults, no families)

1514 N Florida Ave

813.221.4440

Town 'N Country
Jackson Springs Recreation Center (adults & families)

8620 Jackson Springs Road

813.554.5064

Wimauma

Wimauma Community Center (adults & families)

5705 Hillsborough St

813.635.3500

Let all guests who arrive be received like Christ, for He is going to say, "I came as a guest, and you received Me." (Matthew 25:35)... In the salutation of all guests, whether arriving or departing, let all humility be shown. Let the head be bowed or the whole body prostrated on the ground in adoration of Christ, who indeed is received in their persons.

The Rule of St. Benedict

Christ of the Breadlines by Fritz Eichenberg

Home-grown Innovation

This week the Underground Network took time to recognize five people as exemplary members of our diverse community of missionaries and activists. One of these was our very own Jon Dengler who leads the Well. Jon was given the Innovation Award for demonstrating exemplary leadership characterized by risk and creativity. And if you know him, you know that's putting it mildly.

In this video Jon reflects on the Conscious Party, innovation, and risk. We are grateful for his leadership and vision, and we're proud of him as a pillar of the Underground community.


Note: Jon's mom did not write this post. But she does agree with it entirely.

Winter Retreat

Over the holidays, we were able to take a couple days away with our team. We spent the time walking around the streets of downtown Tampa, learning about our city and its people, planning the year to come, and dreaming together. It was an important time for us as the Well, and from this retreat new ideas are forming into big things and small. 

We have a vision for the new year and for the future of our city. It is big, and intimidating, and we learned a lot about the apathy and opposition we are up against. It's a challenge that we are hardly able to meet. But we're here, stepping up to the plate, and we're so proud of our team for it. Our vision for ourselves is small, focusing on all the little ways that we can honor and love our guests. We studied for-profit industry standards of hospitality as well as the Christian practice of welcoming the stranger. We dreamed about what it could look like and feel like to find an oasis of kindness in a sometimes unfriendly city.

Many of our sessions were held on sidewalks, beside bridges, and in parks around downtown Tampa, where a lot of our people can be found every day. We got to see and feel the beauty and the harshness of city life. We got to see the places where the poor are being driven to and away from. As we talked about the changes taking place in Tampa, many of which affect the poor, we looked around to see things from the perspective of those who are most vulnerable to those changes.

But the best part of the retreat was the end. After walking the streets all day, we sat down and we served dinner. It was the same setup, decorations, lighting, and everything else that we do each week for the Banquet. We got to experience what it feels like to come to this meal as guests who were tired, and hungry, and who could use the hospitality. And who served us this meal? A handful of our regular guests with smiles on their faces and hearts eager to serve. As soon as they came out and we saw who was putting on this meal for us, everybody got teary-eyed. You just don't even know. 

There's something spiritual that happens when the roles become reversed and we get to receive love in a different way than we're used to. We get a lot from being part of the Well already, but to see it from another perspective, to see our guests as our hosts and ourselves as guests, that is a gift. It is in giving that we receive, and it's the kind of gift we don't know we need until we get it. 

Thank you to Ben and Lam Robbins for putting together the details, structure, and logistics of this amazing time. Thank you to all of our supporters who gave so that we could put it all together. Thank you to our friends who welcome us into your lives every day, and who allow us to welcome you into ours. 

We have a vision for 2014 of needs met, bridges built, and a city made whole. It's happening now, and we are so thankful to be a part of it.